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Aims
To examine temporal trends in prescription opioid (PO) injection and to assess its association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion among people who inject drugs (PWID).
Design
Prospective cohort study spanning 2004 to 2016.
Setting
Montréal, Canada.
Participants
PWID reporting injection during the past 6 months.
Measurements
PWID were recruited between 2004 and 2016. At each...
Background and Aims
In general populations, prenatal food insecurity negatively affects maternal and infant health. Our aim was to estimate and test the association between prenatal food insecurity and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) severity.
Design/Setting
Single‐site prospective cohort design. Women receiving opioid agonist treatment with methadone or buprenorphine were interviewed (including...
Aims
We tested the age‐varying associations of cannabis use (CU) frequency and disorder (CUD) with psychotic, depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent and adult samples. Moderating effects of early onset (≤ 15 years) and sex were tested.
Design
Time‐varying effect models were used to assess the significance of concurrent associations between CU and CUD and symptoms of psychosis, depression...
Background and Aims
Previous evaluations of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy have several limitations. Our solution to these limitations is the Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy (ESIP) model, which estimates the life‐time cost‐effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy from a National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective. We aim to (1) describe...
Background and Aims
Adults with mental health conditions (MHC) exhibit disproportionately high smoking prevalence and experience profound tobacco‐related disparities. US nationally representative surveys from 2012 to 2015 found relatively high usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e.g. e‐cigarettes) among adults with MHC. However, research has not examined these associations specifically...
Aims
To use simulation to estimate the impact of alcohol taxation on drinking, non‐fatal violent victimization and homicide in New York City (NYC). We simulate the heterogeneous effects of alcohol price elasticities by income, level of consumption and beverage preferences, and examine whether taxation can reduce income inequalities in alcohol‐related violence.
Design
Agent‐based modeling simulation...
Aims
To estimate the level of alcohol consumption behaviors in adult survivors of childhood cancer and to test associations between alcohol consumption behaviors and symptoms of neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress.
Design
Retrospective cohort study with longitudinal follow‐up of self‐reported health outcomes.
Setting
Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a 26‐center study of ≥ 5‐year...
Aims
To use the rs1229984 variant associated with alcohol consumption as an instrument for alcohol consumption to test the causality of the association of alcohol consumption with hay fever, asthma, allergic sensitization and serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E.
Design
Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses using genetic variants as unbiased markers of exposure to estimate causal effects,...
Background and aims
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP), defined as state‐level databases used in the United States that collect prescribing information when controlled substances are dispensed, have varied substantially between states and over time. Little is known about the combinations of PDMP features that, collectively, may produce the greatest impact on prescribing and overdose. We...
Aims
To describe the polysubstance use patterns of heroin‐dependent patients and to understand the impact of polysubstance use patterns on relapse during the 5 years after completing compulsory rehabilitation programmes.
Design
In this secondary analysis, the baseline data of 503 heroin‐dependent patients were linked with their 5‐year follow‐up data from official records.
Setting
Four compulsory...
Aims
To estimate the prevalence of exposure to acamprosate in pregnancy in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to compare the maternal health of women exposed to acamprosate during pregnancy with non‐exposed women, and to compare neonatal outcomes in neonates exposed to acamprosate in utero with non‐exposed neonates.
Design
A population‐based retrospective cohort study, comparing maternal and neonatal...
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